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• 2 Dystonia
  • 2.1 Twisted neck
  • 2.2 Eyelid spasm
  • 2.3 Writer’s cramp
    • 2.3.1 Symptoms
    • 2.3.2 Causes
    • 2.3.3 Diagnosis
    • 2.3.4 Therapy
  • 2.4 Vocal cord spasm
  • 2.5 Spasms of the mouth, tongue and pharynx

Causes

It is among other things thanks to the work done by the London study group of Prof. C.D. Marsden in the 1970s and early 1980s that writer’s cramp and other forms of focal dystonia were recognized as organic, neurological diseases with disturbed fine-motor function. The precise cause is still unknown; it is possible that cooperation between the cerebral motor cortex and the basal ganglia where automatic movement programs are stored is disturbed. It is quite likely that hereditary predisposition factors also play a role. It is assumed that this is a predisposition which actually causes the disorder only in some people in whom certain external conditions are met, such as performing a particular activity. This presumed predisposition has not yet been traced to an exact location in the genetic material.

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Dystonia at work

• Those affected often have acceptance problems

Further Neurological Websites in German

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