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• 2 Dystonia
  • 2.1 Twisted neck
  • 2.2 Eyelid spasm
  • 2.3 Writer’s cramp
  • 2.4 Vocal cord spasm
  • 2.5 Spasms of the mouth, tongue and pharynx
    • 2.5.1 Cause
    • 2.5.2 Diagnosis
    • 2.5.3 Therapy

Cause

The cause and mechanism of oromandibular dystonia are ultimately still unknown, but there is evidence of an organically determined malfunction of movement control in the brain.

Although psychological factors influence the severity of dystonic movements, they cannot be regarded as the cause. About 20% of patients are found to have a cause such as damage to the movement centers due to earlier head injuries, stroke or the use of neuroleptics.

The average age at onset is 44. About 70% of all patients with oromandibular dystonia are women. The symptoms may increase progressively over the years.

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Dystonia at work

• Those affected often have acceptance problems

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