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• 2 Dystonia
  • 2.1 Twisted neck
  • 2.2 Eyelid spasm
  • 2.3 Writer’s cramp
  • 2.4 Vocal cord spasm
    • 2.4.1 Causes
    • 2.4.2 Diagnosis
    • 2.4.3 Therapy
  • 2.5 Spasms of the mouth, tongue and pharynx

Causes

The causes of spasmodic dysphonia are still unknown and a matter of controversy, even though we know more now than we did 10 years ago. For a long time the disease was regarded as a psychologically determined vocal disorder, the neurotic manifestation of a deep-seated emotional conflict. Now, however, more recent research suggests that in many patients the cause is organic and rooted in the central nervous system, resulting in a disorder of movement in the laryngeal muscles. The preceding emotional trauma which may be present is thus interpreted as more of a triggering factor than a causal one. The first signs of a genetic and thus hereditary cause have been seen in a small group of patients (gene defect on chromosome 9). This produces a conspicuous familial cluster of cases.

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Dystonia at work

• Those affected often have acceptance problems

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